New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

A 40-year-old female with difficulty breathing shows an altered mental status and shallow respirations. What is the most important action for the EMS provider?

1. Ask about a history of COPD

2. Assist with high-concentration oxygen using a BVM

3. Watch the patient and obtain vital signs

4. Assess accessory muscle usage

The correct answer is: Assist with high-concentration oxygen using a BVM

In this scenario, assisting with high-concentration oxygen using a Bag-Valve-Mask (BVM) is critical due to the patient's altered mental status and shallow respirations. These symptoms indicate that she may not be adequately ventilating, which can quickly lead to a decrease in oxygen levels in the body. The use of a BVM allows for the delivery of positive pressure ventilation, which helps to ensure that oxygen is effectively provided to the patient, improving the chances of maintaining adequate oxygenation and ultimately preventing further deterioration. Prioritizing high-concentration oxygen assistance is essential, as inadequate respiratory effort can lead to severe hypoxia and other complications. In cases of altered mental status, there is also a risk that the patient may not be able to maintain their airway. Using a BVM provides both the necessary oxygenation and assists in maintaining proper airway management, addressing the immediate threats to the patient's life. While obtaining the patient's history, assessing vital signs, and evaluating accessory muscle usage are all important components of a complete patient assessment, they are secondary to ensuring that the patient is receiving adequate oxygenation and ventilation in a time-sensitive emergency situation. In the context of this patient's critical condition, rapidly addressing the risk of compromised airways and insufficient oxygen by using a