New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

During the Primary Assessment of a conscious patient, which emergency needs should be addressed first?

1. Respiration, Pulse, Bleeding

2. Pulse, Bleeding, Respiration

3. Pulse, Respiration, Bleeding

4. Bleeding, Respiration, Pulse

The correct answer is: Respiration, Pulse, Bleeding

In the context of primary assessment during emergency care, prioritizing the evaluation and management of a patient’s needs can be critical to their survival. The correct order focuses on assessing life-threatening conditions that require immediate intervention. Initially, assessing respiration is crucial because inadequate breathing can lead to immediate oxygen deprivation, which can rapidly affect vital organs. Ensuring that the patient is breathing adequately, or intervening to assist their breathing if necessary, should be the top priority. Next, checking the pulse is essential as it provides vital information about the patient’s circulatory status. A weak or absent pulse may indicate a shock state or severe cardiovascular compromise, requiring prompt action. Bleeding is a significant consideration since uncontrolled hemorrhage can lead to shock and death. However, before addressing bleeding specifically, ensuring adequate airway and breathing takes precedence. Once respiration and pulse have been assessed and managed appropriately, any significant external or internal bleeding can then be addressed. This sequence reflects the essential protocol for managing potential life threats, with the primary focus on establishing a stable airway and ensuring adequate circulation.