New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

In managing head trauma, what should be closely monitored?

1. Pulse rate changes

2. Change in breathing pattern

3. Changes in patient’s mental status

4. Skin color and temperature

The correct answer is: Changes in patient’s mental status

In managing head trauma, closely monitoring changes in the patient's mental status is crucial because alterations can indicate changes in intracranial pressure, brain function, or the presence of a worsening condition. Mental status assessments can reveal the effectiveness of cerebral perfusion, neurological function, and possible progression to more serious complications, such as a brain hemorrhage or swelling. By regularly evaluating the patient's orientation, responsiveness, and ability to follow commands, emergency medical personnel can quickly detect deteriorating conditions, which can be life-threatening. This monitoring is essential to guide further medical interventions and to communicate relevant information to receiving medical facilities. While pulse rate changes, breathing patterns, and skin color and temperature are also important indicators of a patient's overall condition, they may not provide specific insight into the neurological function that is particularly critical in head trauma cases.