New York State Basic Emergency Medical Technician (EMT-B) Practice Exam

Which condition is characterized by low blood sugar?

1. Hyperglycemia

2. Hypoglycemia

3. Diabetic ketoacidosis

4. Insulin resistance

The correct answer is: Hypoglycemia

Hypoglycemia is the condition characterized by low blood sugar levels. This occurs when blood glucose falls below the normal range, typically defined as less than 70 mg/dL. Symptoms of hypoglycemia can include shakiness, confusion, sweating, dizziness, and in severe cases, loss of consciousness or seizures. This condition frequently affects individuals with diabetes who may take insulin or other glucose-lowering medications, particularly if they skip meals, over-exercise, or miscalculate their insulin dosage. Recognizing hypoglycemia is crucial for EMTs, as it requires prompt treatment to restore blood sugar levels and mitigate potential serious complications. In contrast, hyperglycemia refers to high blood sugar levels, which can lead to significant health issues over time if not managed. Diabetic ketoacidosis is a severe condition that arises from uncontrolled hyperglycemia and results in the production of ketones, leading to acidity in the blood. Insulin resistance occurs when the body's cells do not respond well to insulin, leading to elevated blood glucose levels but does not directly correlate with low blood sugar. Understanding these differences is key in emergency medical situations.